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.This key containsinformation that IT professionals find useful during a network inventory, as you learn inChapter 15, "Working Around IT Problems."" SAM.Contains Windows XP's local security database, the Security Accounts Manager(SAM).Windows XP stores local users and groups in SAM.This key's access control list(ACL) prevents even administrators from viewing it.SAM is a link to the keyHKLM\SECURITY\SAM." SECURITY.Contains Windows XP's local security database in the subkey SAM, as well asother security settings.This key's ACL prevents even administrators from viewing it, unlessthey take ownership of it." SOFTWARE.Contains per-computer application settings.Windows XP stores settings inthis key, too.Microsoft standardized this key's organization so that programs store settingsin HKLM\SOFTWARE\Vendor\Program\Version\.Vendor is the name of the program'spublisher, Program is the name of the program, and Version is the program's versionnumber.Often, as is the case with Windows XP, Version is CurrentVersion.HKCR is a linkto the key HKLM\SOFTWARE\Classes." SYSTEM.Contains control sets, one of which is current.The remaining sets are availablefor use by Windows XP.Each subkey is a control set named ControlSetnnn, where nnn is anincremental number beginning with 001.The operating system maintains at least two controlsets to ensure that it can always start properly.These sets contain device driver and serviceconfigurations.HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet is a link to ControlSetnnn, and the keyHKLM\SYSTEM\Select indicates which ControlSetnnn is in use.HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTHKCR contains two types of settings.The first is file associations that associate different types offiles with the programs that can open, print, and edit them.The second is class registrations forComponent Object Model (COM) objects.This root key is one of the most interesting in the registryto customize, because it enables you to change a lot of the operating system's behavior.This rootkey is also the largest in the registry, accounting for the vast majority of the space that the registryconsumes.Before Windows 2000, HKCR was a link to the key HKLM\SOFTWARE\Classes, but this root key ismore complicated now.To derive HKCR, the operating system merges two keys:HKLM\SOFTWARE\Classes, which contains default file associations and class registrations; andHKCU\Software\Classes, which contains per-user file associations and class registrations.HKCU\Software\Classes is really a link to HKU\SID_Classes, which you learned about in the"HKEY_USERS" section.If the same value appears in both branches, the value in HKCU\Software\Classes has higher precedence and wins over the value in HKLM\SOFTWARE \Classes.This new merge algorithm has several benefits:" Programs can register per-computer and per-user program file associations and programclasses.(One user can have file associations that other users who share the computer don't29 have.) This is probably the biggest benefit of the merge." Users who share a single computer can use two different programs to edit the same type offile without affecting each other." Because per-user file associations and class registrations are in the users' profiles, theyfollow users from computer to computer when using roaming user profiles." IT professionals can limit access to HKLM\SOFTWARE\Classes without preventing usersfrom changing HKCU\Software\Classes, allowing for greater security in the registry withoutcrippling users' ability to change associations.Create a new key in the root of HKCR, and Windows XP actually creates it in HKLM\SOFTWARE\Classes.Windows XP doesn't provide a user interface other than Registry Editor toadd class registrations to HKCU\Software\Classes, because the intention is to allow programs toregister per-user program classes.When you edit an existing program class, the change isreflected in HKLM or HKCU, depending on where the program class already exists.If the programclass exists in both places, Windows XP updates only the version in HKCU.Note HKCR is significant enough that it gets its own appendix.Appendix A, "File Associations,"describes this root key in detail.You learn how it associates file extensions with file types,how Windows XP registers COM objects, and which subkeys are the most interesting tocustomize.HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIGHKCC is a link to configuration data for the current hardware profile, the key HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentcontrolSet\Hardware Profiles\Current.In turn, Current is a link to the key HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentcontrolSet\Hardware Profiles\nnnn, where nnnn is a incremental numberbeginning with 0000.For more information, see Appendix C, "Per-Computer Settings."Registry Management ToolsHundreds of third-party and shareware registry tools are available.You learn about many of themthroughout this book.Some tools I use more often than others, though, and here's an introduction tothem:" Registry Editor.You learn about Registry Editor in Chaper 2, "Using Registry Editor." Thisis the primary tool you use to edit settings in the registry." Console Registry Tool for Windows (Reg.exe).This command-line registry tool supportsmost of the capabilities of Registry Editor.The significance of this tool is that it allows you toscript edits in batch files.For more information about Reg.exe, see Chapter 9, "ScriptingRegistry Changes."" WinDiff.This tool comes with the Windows XP Support Tools, which you install from\Support\Tools on the Windows XP CD.It's the best program I've found for comparing files,a useful technique for tracking down settings in the registry.For more information aboutusing this tool, see Chapter 8, "Finding Registry Changes."" Microsoft Word 2002.This application might not seem like a registry management tool, butI use Word when WinDiff isn't available to compare files so I can figure out where a programstores a setting in the registry.I also use Word to edit scripts so that I can take advantage ofits built-in version control and revision tracking features.If you used the Windows 2000 Resource Kit tools, you'll notice the absence of tools from theWindows XP Resource Kit.The CD contains a copy of the kit's documentation and that's all.This is30 partially because Windows XP includes many of these tools, as does the Windows XP SupportTools (these are on your Windows XP CD in \Support\Tools).Most of the Windows 2000 ResourceKit tools still work well in Windows XP, and you can download many of them from Microsoft's Website at http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/techinfo/reskit/tools/default.asp [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
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.This key containsinformation that IT professionals find useful during a network inventory, as you learn inChapter 15, "Working Around IT Problems."" SAM.Contains Windows XP's local security database, the Security Accounts Manager(SAM).Windows XP stores local users and groups in SAM.This key's access control list(ACL) prevents even administrators from viewing it.SAM is a link to the keyHKLM\SECURITY\SAM." SECURITY.Contains Windows XP's local security database in the subkey SAM, as well asother security settings.This key's ACL prevents even administrators from viewing it, unlessthey take ownership of it." SOFTWARE.Contains per-computer application settings.Windows XP stores settings inthis key, too.Microsoft standardized this key's organization so that programs store settingsin HKLM\SOFTWARE\Vendor\Program\Version\.Vendor is the name of the program'spublisher, Program is the name of the program, and Version is the program's versionnumber.Often, as is the case with Windows XP, Version is CurrentVersion.HKCR is a linkto the key HKLM\SOFTWARE\Classes." SYSTEM.Contains control sets, one of which is current.The remaining sets are availablefor use by Windows XP.Each subkey is a control set named ControlSetnnn, where nnn is anincremental number beginning with 001.The operating system maintains at least two controlsets to ensure that it can always start properly.These sets contain device driver and serviceconfigurations.HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet is a link to ControlSetnnn, and the keyHKLM\SYSTEM\Select indicates which ControlSetnnn is in use.HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTHKCR contains two types of settings.The first is file associations that associate different types offiles with the programs that can open, print, and edit them.The second is class registrations forComponent Object Model (COM) objects.This root key is one of the most interesting in the registryto customize, because it enables you to change a lot of the operating system's behavior.This rootkey is also the largest in the registry, accounting for the vast majority of the space that the registryconsumes.Before Windows 2000, HKCR was a link to the key HKLM\SOFTWARE\Classes, but this root key ismore complicated now.To derive HKCR, the operating system merges two keys:HKLM\SOFTWARE\Classes, which contains default file associations and class registrations; andHKCU\Software\Classes, which contains per-user file associations and class registrations.HKCU\Software\Classes is really a link to HKU\SID_Classes, which you learned about in the"HKEY_USERS" section.If the same value appears in both branches, the value in HKCU\Software\Classes has higher precedence and wins over the value in HKLM\SOFTWARE \Classes.This new merge algorithm has several benefits:" Programs can register per-computer and per-user program file associations and programclasses.(One user can have file associations that other users who share the computer don't29 have.) This is probably the biggest benefit of the merge." Users who share a single computer can use two different programs to edit the same type offile without affecting each other." Because per-user file associations and class registrations are in the users' profiles, theyfollow users from computer to computer when using roaming user profiles." IT professionals can limit access to HKLM\SOFTWARE\Classes without preventing usersfrom changing HKCU\Software\Classes, allowing for greater security in the registry withoutcrippling users' ability to change associations.Create a new key in the root of HKCR, and Windows XP actually creates it in HKLM\SOFTWARE\Classes.Windows XP doesn't provide a user interface other than Registry Editor toadd class registrations to HKCU\Software\Classes, because the intention is to allow programs toregister per-user program classes.When you edit an existing program class, the change isreflected in HKLM or HKCU, depending on where the program class already exists.If the programclass exists in both places, Windows XP updates only the version in HKCU.Note HKCR is significant enough that it gets its own appendix.Appendix A, "File Associations,"describes this root key in detail.You learn how it associates file extensions with file types,how Windows XP registers COM objects, and which subkeys are the most interesting tocustomize.HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIGHKCC is a link to configuration data for the current hardware profile, the key HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentcontrolSet\Hardware Profiles\Current.In turn, Current is a link to the key HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentcontrolSet\Hardware Profiles\nnnn, where nnnn is a incremental numberbeginning with 0000.For more information, see Appendix C, "Per-Computer Settings."Registry Management ToolsHundreds of third-party and shareware registry tools are available.You learn about many of themthroughout this book.Some tools I use more often than others, though, and here's an introduction tothem:" Registry Editor.You learn about Registry Editor in Chaper 2, "Using Registry Editor." Thisis the primary tool you use to edit settings in the registry." Console Registry Tool for Windows (Reg.exe).This command-line registry tool supportsmost of the capabilities of Registry Editor.The significance of this tool is that it allows you toscript edits in batch files.For more information about Reg.exe, see Chapter 9, "ScriptingRegistry Changes."" WinDiff.This tool comes with the Windows XP Support Tools, which you install from\Support\Tools on the Windows XP CD.It's the best program I've found for comparing files,a useful technique for tracking down settings in the registry.For more information aboutusing this tool, see Chapter 8, "Finding Registry Changes."" Microsoft Word 2002.This application might not seem like a registry management tool, butI use Word when WinDiff isn't available to compare files so I can figure out where a programstores a setting in the registry.I also use Word to edit scripts so that I can take advantage ofits built-in version control and revision tracking features.If you used the Windows 2000 Resource Kit tools, you'll notice the absence of tools from theWindows XP Resource Kit.The CD contains a copy of the kit's documentation and that's all.This is30 partially because Windows XP includes many of these tools, as does the Windows XP SupportTools (these are on your Windows XP CD in \Support\Tools).Most of the Windows 2000 ResourceKit tools still work well in Windows XP, and you can download many of them from Microsoft's Website at http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/techinfo/reskit/tools/default.asp [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]