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.It is probable that at no pre-vious date would this ceremony have been acceptable, eitherto Louis or to Henry.On Louis s part it was not merely arecognition of Henry s right to the duchy of Normandy, butit was also a formal abandonment of William Clito, and anacceptance of William, Henry s son, as the heir of his father.This act was accompanied by a renewal of the homage ofthe Norman barons to William, whether made necessary bythe numerous rebellions of the past two years, or desirableto perfect the legal chain, now that William had been recog-nized as heir by his suzerain, a motive that would apply toall the barons. THE OF HENRY'S SONThis peace was made sometime during the course of the yearCHAP.I 120.In November Henry was ready to return to England,and on he set sail from Barfleur, with a great following.Then suddenly came upon him, not the loss of any of theadvantages he had lately gained nor any immediate weaken-ing of his power, but the complete collapse of all that he hadlooked forward to as the ultimate end of his policy.His sonWilliam embarked a little later than his father in thewith a brilliant company of young relatives and nobles.They were in a very hilarious mood, and celebrated theoccasion by making the crew drunk.Probably they werenone too sober themselves certainly Stephen of Blois wassaved to be king of England in his cousin s place, by with-drawing to another vessel when he saw the condition ofaffairs on the It was night and probably dark.About a mile and a half from Barfleur the ship struck arock, and quickly filled and sank.It was said that Williamwould have escaped if he had not turned back at the criesof his sister, Henry s natural daughter, the Countess ofAll on board were drowned except a butcher ofRouen.Never perished in any similar calamity so large anumber of persons of rank.Another child of Henry s, hisnatural son Richard, his niece Matilda, sister of andStephen, a nephew of the Emperor Henry V, Richard, Earlof Chester, and his brother, the end of the male line of Hughof Avranches, and a crowd of others of only lesser rank.Orderic records that he had heard that eighteen ladiesperished, who were the daughters, sisters, nieces, or wives ofkings or earls.Henry is said to have fallen to the ground ina faint when the news was told him, and never to have beenthe same man again.But if Henry could no longer look forward to the perma-nence in the second generation of the empire which he hadcreated, he was not the man to surrender even to the blowsof fate.The succession to his dominions of Robert s sonWilliam, who had been so recently used by his enemiesagainst him, but who was now the sole male heir of Williamthe Conqueror, was an intolerable idea.In barely morethan a month after the death of his son, the king took counselwith the magnates of the realm, at a great council in London, 1120In less than another month theCHAP.in regard to his remarriage.Henry s second wife was Adelaide,marriage was celebrated.daughter of Geoffrey, Duke of Lower Lorraine, a vassal ofhis son-in-law, the emperor, and his devoted supporter, aswell as a prince whose alliance might be of great use in anyfuture troubles with France or Flanders.This marriage wasmade chiefly in hope of a legitimate heir, but it was a child-less marriage, and Henry s hope was disappointed.For something more than two years after this fateful returnof the king to England, his dominions enjoyed peace scarcelybroken by a brief campaign in Wales in I 121.At the end of1120, Archbishop Thurstan, for whose sake the pope wasthreatening excommunication and interdict, was allowed toreturn to his see, where he was received with great rejoicing.But the dispute with Canterbury was not yet settled.In-deed, he had scarcely returned to York when he was servedwith notice that he must profess, for himself at least, obedi-ence to Canterbury, as his predecessors had done.This hesucceeded in avoiding for a time, and at the beginning ofOctober, in I 122, Archbishop Ralph of Canterbury died, nothaving gained his case.An attempt of Calixtus II to send alegate to England, contrary to the promise he had made toHenry at was met and defeated by the king with hisusual diplomatic skill, so far as the exercise of any legatinepowers is concerned, though the legate was admitted to Eng-land and remained there for a time.In the selection of asuccessor to Ralph of Canterbury a conflict arose betweenthe monastic chapter of Christ church and the bishops of theprovince, and was decided undoubtedly according to the king sin favour of the latter, by the election of William ofCorbeil, a canon regular.Another episcopal appointment ofthese years illustrates the growing importance in the kingdomof the great administrative bishop, Roger of whoseems to have been the king s justiciar, or chief representative,during his long absences in Normandy.The long pontificateof Robert Bloet, the brilliant and worldly Bishop of Lincoln,closed at the beginning of I 123 by a sudden stroke as he wasriding with the king, and in his place was appointed Roger snephew, Alexander.During this period also, probably within a year after the ROBERT GLOUCESTERdeath of his son William, Henry took measures to CHAP.the position of one of his illegitimate sons, very likelywith a view to the influence which he might have upon thesuccession when the question should arise.Robert of Caen,so called from the place of his birth, was created Earl ofGloucester, and was married to Mabel, heiress of the largepossessions of Robert in Gloucester, Wales, andNormandy.Robert of Gloucester, as he came to be known,was the eldest of Henry s illegitimate sons, born before hisfather s accession to the throne, and he was now in the vigourof young manhood [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
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.It is probable that at no pre-vious date would this ceremony have been acceptable, eitherto Louis or to Henry.On Louis s part it was not merely arecognition of Henry s right to the duchy of Normandy, butit was also a formal abandonment of William Clito, and anacceptance of William, Henry s son, as the heir of his father.This act was accompanied by a renewal of the homage ofthe Norman barons to William, whether made necessary bythe numerous rebellions of the past two years, or desirableto perfect the legal chain, now that William had been recog-nized as heir by his suzerain, a motive that would apply toall the barons. THE OF HENRY'S SONThis peace was made sometime during the course of the yearCHAP.I 120.In November Henry was ready to return to England,and on he set sail from Barfleur, with a great following.Then suddenly came upon him, not the loss of any of theadvantages he had lately gained nor any immediate weaken-ing of his power, but the complete collapse of all that he hadlooked forward to as the ultimate end of his policy.His sonWilliam embarked a little later than his father in thewith a brilliant company of young relatives and nobles.They were in a very hilarious mood, and celebrated theoccasion by making the crew drunk.Probably they werenone too sober themselves certainly Stephen of Blois wassaved to be king of England in his cousin s place, by with-drawing to another vessel when he saw the condition ofaffairs on the It was night and probably dark.About a mile and a half from Barfleur the ship struck arock, and quickly filled and sank.It was said that Williamwould have escaped if he had not turned back at the criesof his sister, Henry s natural daughter, the Countess ofAll on board were drowned except a butcher ofRouen.Never perished in any similar calamity so large anumber of persons of rank.Another child of Henry s, hisnatural son Richard, his niece Matilda, sister of andStephen, a nephew of the Emperor Henry V, Richard, Earlof Chester, and his brother, the end of the male line of Hughof Avranches, and a crowd of others of only lesser rank.Orderic records that he had heard that eighteen ladiesperished, who were the daughters, sisters, nieces, or wives ofkings or earls.Henry is said to have fallen to the ground ina faint when the news was told him, and never to have beenthe same man again.But if Henry could no longer look forward to the perma-nence in the second generation of the empire which he hadcreated, he was not the man to surrender even to the blowsof fate.The succession to his dominions of Robert s sonWilliam, who had been so recently used by his enemiesagainst him, but who was now the sole male heir of Williamthe Conqueror, was an intolerable idea.In barely morethan a month after the death of his son, the king took counselwith the magnates of the realm, at a great council in London, 1120In less than another month theCHAP.in regard to his remarriage.Henry s second wife was Adelaide,marriage was celebrated.daughter of Geoffrey, Duke of Lower Lorraine, a vassal ofhis son-in-law, the emperor, and his devoted supporter, aswell as a prince whose alliance might be of great use in anyfuture troubles with France or Flanders.This marriage wasmade chiefly in hope of a legitimate heir, but it was a child-less marriage, and Henry s hope was disappointed.For something more than two years after this fateful returnof the king to England, his dominions enjoyed peace scarcelybroken by a brief campaign in Wales in I 121.At the end of1120, Archbishop Thurstan, for whose sake the pope wasthreatening excommunication and interdict, was allowed toreturn to his see, where he was received with great rejoicing.But the dispute with Canterbury was not yet settled.In-deed, he had scarcely returned to York when he was servedwith notice that he must profess, for himself at least, obedi-ence to Canterbury, as his predecessors had done.This hesucceeded in avoiding for a time, and at the beginning ofOctober, in I 122, Archbishop Ralph of Canterbury died, nothaving gained his case.An attempt of Calixtus II to send alegate to England, contrary to the promise he had made toHenry at was met and defeated by the king with hisusual diplomatic skill, so far as the exercise of any legatinepowers is concerned, though the legate was admitted to Eng-land and remained there for a time.In the selection of asuccessor to Ralph of Canterbury a conflict arose betweenthe monastic chapter of Christ church and the bishops of theprovince, and was decided undoubtedly according to the king sin favour of the latter, by the election of William ofCorbeil, a canon regular.Another episcopal appointment ofthese years illustrates the growing importance in the kingdomof the great administrative bishop, Roger of whoseems to have been the king s justiciar, or chief representative,during his long absences in Normandy.The long pontificateof Robert Bloet, the brilliant and worldly Bishop of Lincoln,closed at the beginning of I 123 by a sudden stroke as he wasriding with the king, and in his place was appointed Roger snephew, Alexander.During this period also, probably within a year after the ROBERT GLOUCESTERdeath of his son William, Henry took measures to CHAP.the position of one of his illegitimate sons, very likelywith a view to the influence which he might have upon thesuccession when the question should arise.Robert of Caen,so called from the place of his birth, was created Earl ofGloucester, and was married to Mabel, heiress of the largepossessions of Robert in Gloucester, Wales, andNormandy.Robert of Gloucester, as he came to be known,was the eldest of Henry s illegitimate sons, born before hisfather s accession to the throne, and he was now in the vigourof young manhood [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]